TOPIC: Identify an information environment of your choice and write an essay to address the following questions: (3000 words)
• What should be your role within this environment?
• How can the principles of information organization and representation help you in performing this role?
• What are the challenges facing you in performing the role? How will you address these challenges?
To identify what information environment I will discuss, first I will define what is environmental information or information environment.
What is environmental information?
The definition of environmental information is very wide and is defined in the EIRs as information which relates to:
• The state of elements of the environment – such air, water, soil, land, landscape and natural sites, flora and fauna, including cattle, crops, GMOs, wildlife and biological diversity – and it includes any interaction between them
• The state of human health and safety, conditions of human life, the food chain, cultural sites and built structures, which are, or are likely to be, affected by the state of the elements of the environment and the interaction between them
• Any factor such as substances, energy, noise, radiation or waste, including radioactive waste, emissions, discharges and other releases affecting, or likely to affect, the state of the elements of environment or any interaction between them
• Measures and activities affecting, or likely to affect, or intended to protect the state of the elements of the environment and the interaction between them. This includes administrative measures, policies, legislation, plans, programmes and environmental agreements
• Emissions, discharges and other releases into the environment
• Cost benefit and other economic analyses used in environmental decision making
Environmental information covers a broad range of topics, such as:
• the environment itself, including air, water, earth and the habitats of animals and plants
• things that affect the environment, such as emissions, radiation, noise, and other forms of pollution
• policies, plans and laws on the environment
Examples of environmental information are:
• levels of chlorine in swimming pools
• water-quality and air-quality test reports
• genetically modified crops
• air-conditioning systems in public buildings
Regulation 2(1) ‘Environmental information’ has the same meaning as in
Article 2(1) of the Directive, namely any information in written, visual, aural,
electronic or any other material form on —
Information can therefore include or be found in:
•Documents, leaflets, reports, books, notes, data sets, memos, meeting notes,
post-its, the back of an envelope - in fact, anything written.
•Pictures, maps, plans, designs, models, video, posters, diagrams, sketches,
graphs, illustrations.
•Tape recordings, answer phone recordings, recorded presentations,
Dictaphone tapes, compact discs.
•Any type of computer file, word-processor file, database, spreadsheet,
computer models (including 3D models), specially written bespoke programs,
calendars, emails, archived webpages/sites, temporary or cached files, still
images, video images, computer-generated images.
•Any other material form – that is, other forms not widely available, or not yet
developed or invented.
However, it does not include information that does not yet exist but that could
be created by the manipulation of existing information. In other words authorities are only obliged to release information held and are not required to
research or manipulate data to create new information. Example: If an authority is asked for a graph of air quality for the last 12 months, but it only
holds the raw data and no graph has been created, they would only be required to release the data, and would not be required to create a graph.
Information is not restricted by geographical location
A. The state of the elements of the environment, such as* air and
atmosphere, water, soil, land, landscape and natural sites including
wetlands, coastal and marine areas, biological diversity and its components,
including genetically modified organisms, and the interaction among these
elements;
*Note use of ‘such as’ – this indicates that the elements listed here are purely
representative, and are not the only things which should be considered as
elements.
The state of the elements – this includes the physical, biological and
chemical characteristics. It is not limited to current conditions but includes past
and predicted future conditions.
Air and atmosphere – the atmosphere is the collection of gases that
surround the earth and that are retained by the earth’s gravitation. The
atmosphere extends up to approximately 660km in altitude. The distinction
between air and atmosphere suggests that air refers to air within buildings and
structures, underground, indoors, in the workplace and elsewhere where it is
confined in some way. Air and atmosphere should not always be taken to mean
‘air’ as a whole and in its entirety. The gases which make up the atmosphere
and air are also included separately: for example, carbon dioxide, oxygen etc.
Water – will mean water in all its forms (vapour, ice, liquid) and is not limited
by scale (from oceans to the smallest droplet). It includes water underground or
on the surface, water in natural settings (rivers, lakes) and man-made settings
(canals, ponds).
Soil – soil can be taken to mean the
unconsolidated mineral or organic
material top layer of the earth’s surface in which plants grow.
Land – land was described in the guidance for the 1992 EIR as: all land
surfaces, buildings, land covered by water, and underground strata. By
including underground strata the implication is that land covers natural minerals
and deposits such as salt, coal, limestone, slate, iron etc.
Landscape – Landscape is defined by the European Landscape Convention
2000 as ‘an area, as perceived by people, whose character is the result of the
action and interaction of natural and/or human factors’. A more technical
definition may be of more use when attempting to ascertain what landscape will mean in terms of environmental information. A specialist environmental
definition of landscape is ‘the traits, patterns, and structure of a specific
geographic area, including its biological composition, its physical environment,
and its anthropogenic or social patterns. An area where interacting ecosystems
are grouped and repeated in similar form’ (from EPAGLO).
Natural sites, including wetlands, coastal and marine areas – ‘natural
sites’ recognises the importance of protected areas such as Sites of Special
Scientific Interest (SSSI) and Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB).
However, a site will not need to have been designated to qualify as a ‘natural
site’. All natural sites that are ascribed a specific value, local value, special
natural or historic value can be taken to be a natural site. ‘Natural’ does not
necessarily mean devoid of human interference, and the management of a site
will not preclude it from being classified as natural. Wetlands, coastal and
marine areas were included specifically (Amendment 15) by the European
Parliament as they thought that ‘natural sites’ did not make it clear that these
types of areas were also to be considered.
Biological diversity and its components – Article 2 of the Convention on
Biological Diversity 1992 defines the term as ‘the variability among living
organisms from all sources including, inter alia, terrestrial, marine and other
aquatic ecosystems and the ecological complexes of which they are part; this
includes diversity within species, between species and of ecosystems’. The
components of biodiversity then must be taken to mean: genetic diversity – the
genetic composition of a species (genes, DNA, RNA, etc.); species diversity -
every living thing, every single species (plant, animal, bacteria, viruses etc);
ecosystem diversity – all habitats whether natural or man-made (from arctic
wilderness to urban sprawl). In addition, biological diversity and its components
should not be limited in time; for instance, it will include dead and extinct
individual organisms and species.
‘Genetically modified organism’ (GMO) – UNECE describe GMOs as ‘any
organism with the exception of human beings that possesses a novel
combination of genetic material obtained through the use of modern
biotechnology’. In addition, the European Community has used the following
definition: ‘genetically modified organism (GMO) means an organism, with the
exception of human beings, in which the genetic material has been altered in a
way that does not occur naturally by mating and/or natural recombination’.
Please note: definitions for ‘modern biotechnology’ and ‘micro-organism’ are
available if required, please consult the reference listed in note 3.
the interaction among these elements – this recognises that no one aspect
of the environment can be fully understood in isolation and that the interaction
between the elements is just as important as the elements themselves.
Thursday, October 1, 2009
Assignment 9. :D:D [2nd Part]
...CONT 
B. Factors, such as substances, energy, noise, radiation or waste, including radioactive waste, emissions, discharges and other releases into the
environment, affecting or likely to affect the elements of the environment referred to in (a);
•Factor – factor in this sense should simply be taken to mean something that has an effect on an element of the environment.
It is important to note at this stage that it is possible for an ‘element’ to be a ‘factor’, for instance, water will become a ‘factor’ in an incidence of
flooding. Equally, a ‘factor’ may also be an ‘element’.
•Substances – includes all material/matter, natural or synthetic, for example chemicals, pharmaceuticals, hormones, antibiotics, oil, particulates, gases, liquids. A European definition of substances states: ‘substances means any chemical element and its compounds, as they occur in the natural state or as produced by industry, whether in solid or liquid or gaseous form’
•Energy – can be expressed in traditional scientific language, as thermal, chemical, electrical, kinetic, potential, light, and sound. Common usage for the term centres on power generation, oil-fired, coal-fired, gas-fired, nuclear and renewable energy (wind power, solar energy etc). However, energy is not restricted to large-scale power plants and electricity generation. It also includes heat (heat, in the form of hot water emitted into a river for example, can have a drastic affect on the plants, animals and fish living in the vicinity). Energy will include sunlight, geothermal energy, radio waves, microwaves etc.
•Noise – although noise is itself energy, it is included here separately. It was also specifically mentioned in the original European Directive on Environmental Information in 1990 (1990/313/EEC) and in the original UK EIR in 1992. Noise is subjective, localised and transient. A simple dictionary definition of noise is ‘a sound, especially one that is loud, unpleasant, or disturbing’. Noise also includes vibrations (Environmental Protection Act, 1990, s79(1)(g)). Many different laws and standards in the UK relate to noise. Examples include construction noise, transport noise, noise from aircraft, noise from premises, occupational noise, noise-making equipment, day time noise, evening noise, night-time noise.
•Radiation or waste, including radioactive waste – radiation can be natural (sun, cosmic rays, radioactive minerals), or man-made. There are two main types of radiation: ionising and non-ionising. Ionising radiation is either particulate (alpha, beta, neutrons) or electromagnetic (x-rays, gamma rays).
Non-ionising radiation consists of electromagnetic radiation from extremely low frequency (ELF) to ultraviolet (UV).
•Waste – waste can be broadly interpreted to mean anything discarded. This would include household waste, industrial waste and commercial waste (which are collectively described as Municipal Solid Waste (MSW)); construction and demolition wastes; mining and agricultural wastes; sewage sludge and dredged spoils; and Special Waste, hazardous, toxic waste. The waste sector is highly regulated and the definition of waste can be controversial. For instance, if ‘waste’ is to be used to generate power through incineration, it has been argued that this therefore allows it to be categorised as fuel as opposed to waste (at the time of writing, it is classified as waste until full recovery, i.e. combustion, is complete).
There are many categories of waste, and special rules/prohibitions apply to transboundary movement of wastes (Basel Convention, 1992). The Environment Agency regulates waste in the UK and has a good section on its website if further information is required.
•Radioactive waste – radioactive materials are used in many situations, settings and industries and are more widespread than you might think.
Radioactive materials are used in common products such as the luminous dials on watches,ceramic glazes and smoke detectors. Radioactive waste is generated by hospitals, pharmaceutical industry, research establishments, and of course the nuclear power generation industry. Radioactive waste is
categorised as either High-level Waste (HLW), Intermediate-Level Waste (ILM), Low-Level Waste (LLW) or Very-Low-Level Waste (VLLW). VLLW is disposed
of in landfill or by incineration; LLW is disposed of at a facility at Drigg, near Sellafield. ILW and HLW are both stored on-site, and there is currently no
government policy for the disposal of ILW and HLW.
•Emissions, discharges and other releases – a common, widely quoted definition of emission comes from the European IPPC Directive: ‘emission shall mean the direct or indirect release of substances, vibrations, heat or noise from individual or diffuse sources (…) into the air, water or land’. ‘Discharges’ is not expressly defined in legislation; however, common usage of the term in this context suggests it is generally reserved (although not exclusively) for liquid releases into water. A definition for ‘releases’ is available from the Environmental Protection Act 1990 which states, ‘…release includes – (a) in relation to air, any emission of the substance into the air; (b) in relation to water, any entry (including any discharge) of the substance into water; (c) in relation to land, any deposit, keeping or disposal of the substance in or on land…’
•affecting or likely to affect the elements of the environment referred to in (a) - information about the factor will not be environmental information unless the factor is affecting or likely to affect the elements of the environment, although it is hard to imagine when a factor would not have such an effect. There is no indication that the effect must be detrimental or large scale, so it may be minimal or negligible. The test for ‘likely to affect’ is that the effect must be substantially more than remote. However, it need not be more likely than not.
“The definition of environmental information should be clarified so as to encompass information in any form on the state of the environment, on
factors, measures or activities affecting or likely to affect the environment or designed to protect it, on cost-benefit and economic analyses used within the
framework of such measures or activities and also information on the state of human health and safety, including the contamination of the food chain,
conditions of human life, cultural sites and built structures in as much as they are, or may be, affected by any of those matters.”
References:
http://74.6.239.67/search/cache?ei=UTF-8&p=what+is+information+environment&fr=yfp-t-157&fp_ip=PH&u=www.ico.gov.uk/upload/documents/library/environmental_info_reg/introductory/eirwhatisenvironmentalinformation.pdf&w=information+environment+environmental+environmentalist&d=Gjp4rd29Tcbt&icp=1&.intl=us&sig=7sVXvDCMWaE8vLyA2mkYBA--
http://74.6.239.67/search/cache?ei=UTF-8&p=what+is+information+environment&fr=yfp-t-157&fp_ip=PH&u=www.ico.gov.uk/upload/documents/library/environmental_info_reg/introductory/what_is_environmental_information.pdf&w=information+environment+environmental+environmentalist&d=XYhn2t29Tdep&icp=1&.intl=us&sig=NWnCbGok3Ru_26958ElaGA--
http://www.itspublicknowledge.info/Law/EIRs/EnvironmentalInformation.asp
Now, the information environment that I chose is the WORLD WIDE WEB.
What is the WorldWideWeb anyway? As according to Wikipedia, a system of interlinked hypertext documents accessed via the Internet. With a web browser, one can view Web pages that may contain text, images, videos, and other multimedia and navigate between them using hyperlinks. Using concepts from earlier hypertext systems, English physicist Tim Berners-Lee, now the Director of the World Wide Web Consortium, wrote a proposal in March 1989 for what would eventually become the World Wide Web. He was later joined by Belgian computer scientist Robert Cailliau while both were working at CERN in Geneva, Switzerland. In 1990, they proposed using "HyperText [...] to link and access information of various kinds as a web of nodes in which the user can browse at will", and released that web in December.
Connected by the existing Internet, other websites were created, around the world, adding international standards for domain names and the HTML. Since then, Berners-Lee has played an active role in guiding the development of Web standards (such as the markup languages in which Web pages are composed), and in recent years has advocated his vision of a Semantic Web. The World Wide Web enabled the spread of information over the Internet through an easy-to-use and flexible format. It thus played an important role in popularizing use of the Internet. Although the two terms are sometimes conflated in popular use, World Wide Web is not synonymous with Internet. The Web is an application built on top of the Internet.
What should be your role within this environment? The terms Internet and World Wide Web are often used in every-day speech without much distinction. However, the Internet and the World Wide Web are not one and the same. The Internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks. In contrast, the Web is one of the services that runs on the Internet. It is a collection of interconnected documents and other resources, linked by hyperlinks and URLs. In short, the Web is an application running on the Internet.
As a student and so exposed with the applications roaming all around the Internet, I should be aware of what are the advantages and disadvantages of over usage of it. By that, my role in the World Wide Web is to bring the user and the applications closer by telling my peers the compensation of duelling the web, as vice versa, I should also be able to tell my peers the drawbacks of excess usage in the web. The Web can be a great partner especially those times when we are bored, we can easily sit down on our chairs, turn on our computers, and browse the internet, and then we can surf all the web applications that finds our interests. In addition, as an Information Technology student, I can use my field of study to spread information using blogs, social network applications, and the like so that people will be aware of the happenings every now and then.
How can the principles of information organization and representation help you in performing this role? In performing this role, I should be quite observant enough. As based on the facts above, Information does not stop on geographical location. To be honest, it is not that easy for me to get in touch always in the web for the reason that there are much important things that needs my concern rather than to browse the web. I may have not stated explicitly all the principles that could help me in performing the roles, yet , I do know that the ‘hidden’ principles would be an advantage for me to help me represent my field of study.
What are the challenges facing you in performing the role? How will you address these challenges? First challenge for me, if I were to convey information on the web, is the lack of time to research the true story of a certain event. I am not a web user addict, but I find myself leaning on it especially on ‘nothing-to-do’ times. To address this, obviously, I must spend my time gathering inputs first before posting it on my personal web journals. Also, information can be gathered not just by surfing the internet, I can also make use of the broadcasting technology for me to congregate more necessary inputs. And secondly, if I were to convey infos, another challenge, is my sense of consistency. You can not gather data in just one sitting, you must be steady enough for you to finish congregating data.
The web is so transparent nowadays. I myself can sometimes gain news from browsing different web applications especially yahoo. But still, vigilance is always the best tool for everything.
Reference:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Www
B. Factors, such as substances, energy, noise, radiation or waste, including radioactive waste, emissions, discharges and other releases into the
environment, affecting or likely to affect the elements of the environment referred to in (a);
•Factor – factor in this sense should simply be taken to mean something that has an effect on an element of the environment.
It is important to note at this stage that it is possible for an ‘element’ to be a ‘factor’, for instance, water will become a ‘factor’ in an incidence of
flooding. Equally, a ‘factor’ may also be an ‘element’.
•Substances – includes all material/matter, natural or synthetic, for example chemicals, pharmaceuticals, hormones, antibiotics, oil, particulates, gases, liquids. A European definition of substances states: ‘substances means any chemical element and its compounds, as they occur in the natural state or as produced by industry, whether in solid or liquid or gaseous form’
•Energy – can be expressed in traditional scientific language, as thermal, chemical, electrical, kinetic, potential, light, and sound. Common usage for the term centres on power generation, oil-fired, coal-fired, gas-fired, nuclear and renewable energy (wind power, solar energy etc). However, energy is not restricted to large-scale power plants and electricity generation. It also includes heat (heat, in the form of hot water emitted into a river for example, can have a drastic affect on the plants, animals and fish living in the vicinity). Energy will include sunlight, geothermal energy, radio waves, microwaves etc.
•Noise – although noise is itself energy, it is included here separately. It was also specifically mentioned in the original European Directive on Environmental Information in 1990 (1990/313/EEC) and in the original UK EIR in 1992. Noise is subjective, localised and transient. A simple dictionary definition of noise is ‘a sound, especially one that is loud, unpleasant, or disturbing’. Noise also includes vibrations (Environmental Protection Act, 1990, s79(1)(g)). Many different laws and standards in the UK relate to noise. Examples include construction noise, transport noise, noise from aircraft, noise from premises, occupational noise, noise-making equipment, day time noise, evening noise, night-time noise.
•Radiation or waste, including radioactive waste – radiation can be natural (sun, cosmic rays, radioactive minerals), or man-made. There are two main types of radiation: ionising and non-ionising. Ionising radiation is either particulate (alpha, beta, neutrons) or electromagnetic (x-rays, gamma rays).
Non-ionising radiation consists of electromagnetic radiation from extremely low frequency (ELF) to ultraviolet (UV).
•Waste – waste can be broadly interpreted to mean anything discarded. This would include household waste, industrial waste and commercial waste (which are collectively described as Municipal Solid Waste (MSW)); construction and demolition wastes; mining and agricultural wastes; sewage sludge and dredged spoils; and Special Waste, hazardous, toxic waste. The waste sector is highly regulated and the definition of waste can be controversial. For instance, if ‘waste’ is to be used to generate power through incineration, it has been argued that this therefore allows it to be categorised as fuel as opposed to waste (at the time of writing, it is classified as waste until full recovery, i.e. combustion, is complete).
There are many categories of waste, and special rules/prohibitions apply to transboundary movement of wastes (Basel Convention, 1992). The Environment Agency regulates waste in the UK and has a good section on its website if further information is required.
•Radioactive waste – radioactive materials are used in many situations, settings and industries and are more widespread than you might think.
Radioactive materials are used in common products such as the luminous dials on watches,ceramic glazes and smoke detectors. Radioactive waste is generated by hospitals, pharmaceutical industry, research establishments, and of course the nuclear power generation industry. Radioactive waste is
categorised as either High-level Waste (HLW), Intermediate-Level Waste (ILM), Low-Level Waste (LLW) or Very-Low-Level Waste (VLLW). VLLW is disposed
of in landfill or by incineration; LLW is disposed of at a facility at Drigg, near Sellafield. ILW and HLW are both stored on-site, and there is currently no
government policy for the disposal of ILW and HLW.
•Emissions, discharges and other releases – a common, widely quoted definition of emission comes from the European IPPC Directive: ‘emission shall mean the direct or indirect release of substances, vibrations, heat or noise from individual or diffuse sources (…) into the air, water or land’. ‘Discharges’ is not expressly defined in legislation; however, common usage of the term in this context suggests it is generally reserved (although not exclusively) for liquid releases into water. A definition for ‘releases’ is available from the Environmental Protection Act 1990 which states, ‘…release includes – (a) in relation to air, any emission of the substance into the air; (b) in relation to water, any entry (including any discharge) of the substance into water; (c) in relation to land, any deposit, keeping or disposal of the substance in or on land…’
•affecting or likely to affect the elements of the environment referred to in (a) - information about the factor will not be environmental information unless the factor is affecting or likely to affect the elements of the environment, although it is hard to imagine when a factor would not have such an effect. There is no indication that the effect must be detrimental or large scale, so it may be minimal or negligible. The test for ‘likely to affect’ is that the effect must be substantially more than remote. However, it need not be more likely than not.
“The definition of environmental information should be clarified so as to encompass information in any form on the state of the environment, on
factors, measures or activities affecting or likely to affect the environment or designed to protect it, on cost-benefit and economic analyses used within the
framework of such measures or activities and also information on the state of human health and safety, including the contamination of the food chain,
conditions of human life, cultural sites and built structures in as much as they are, or may be, affected by any of those matters.”
References:
http://74.6.239.67/search/cache?ei=UTF-8&p=what+is+information+environment&fr=yfp-t-157&fp_ip=PH&u=www.ico.gov.uk/upload/documents/library/environmental_info_reg/introductory/eirwhatisenvironmentalinformation.pdf&w=information+environment+environmental+environmentalist&d=Gjp4rd29Tcbt&icp=1&.intl=us&sig=7sVXvDCMWaE8vLyA2mkYBA--
http://74.6.239.67/search/cache?ei=UTF-8&p=what+is+information+environment&fr=yfp-t-157&fp_ip=PH&u=www.ico.gov.uk/upload/documents/library/environmental_info_reg/introductory/what_is_environmental_information.pdf&w=information+environment+environmental+environmentalist&d=XYhn2t29Tdep&icp=1&.intl=us&sig=NWnCbGok3Ru_26958ElaGA--
http://www.itspublicknowledge.info/Law/EIRs/EnvironmentalInformation.asp
Now, the information environment that I chose is the WORLD WIDE WEB.
What is the WorldWideWeb anyway? As according to Wikipedia, a system of interlinked hypertext documents accessed via the Internet. With a web browser, one can view Web pages that may contain text, images, videos, and other multimedia and navigate between them using hyperlinks. Using concepts from earlier hypertext systems, English physicist Tim Berners-Lee, now the Director of the World Wide Web Consortium, wrote a proposal in March 1989 for what would eventually become the World Wide Web. He was later joined by Belgian computer scientist Robert Cailliau while both were working at CERN in Geneva, Switzerland. In 1990, they proposed using "HyperText [...] to link and access information of various kinds as a web of nodes in which the user can browse at will", and released that web in December.
Connected by the existing Internet, other websites were created, around the world, adding international standards for domain names and the HTML. Since then, Berners-Lee has played an active role in guiding the development of Web standards (such as the markup languages in which Web pages are composed), and in recent years has advocated his vision of a Semantic Web. The World Wide Web enabled the spread of information over the Internet through an easy-to-use and flexible format. It thus played an important role in popularizing use of the Internet. Although the two terms are sometimes conflated in popular use, World Wide Web is not synonymous with Internet. The Web is an application built on top of the Internet.
What should be your role within this environment? The terms Internet and World Wide Web are often used in every-day speech without much distinction. However, the Internet and the World Wide Web are not one and the same. The Internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks. In contrast, the Web is one of the services that runs on the Internet. It is a collection of interconnected documents and other resources, linked by hyperlinks and URLs. In short, the Web is an application running on the Internet.
As a student and so exposed with the applications roaming all around the Internet, I should be aware of what are the advantages and disadvantages of over usage of it. By that, my role in the World Wide Web is to bring the user and the applications closer by telling my peers the compensation of duelling the web, as vice versa, I should also be able to tell my peers the drawbacks of excess usage in the web. The Web can be a great partner especially those times when we are bored, we can easily sit down on our chairs, turn on our computers, and browse the internet, and then we can surf all the web applications that finds our interests. In addition, as an Information Technology student, I can use my field of study to spread information using blogs, social network applications, and the like so that people will be aware of the happenings every now and then.
How can the principles of information organization and representation help you in performing this role? In performing this role, I should be quite observant enough. As based on the facts above, Information does not stop on geographical location. To be honest, it is not that easy for me to get in touch always in the web for the reason that there are much important things that needs my concern rather than to browse the web. I may have not stated explicitly all the principles that could help me in performing the roles, yet , I do know that the ‘hidden’ principles would be an advantage for me to help me represent my field of study.
What are the challenges facing you in performing the role? How will you address these challenges? First challenge for me, if I were to convey information on the web, is the lack of time to research the true story of a certain event. I am not a web user addict, but I find myself leaning on it especially on ‘nothing-to-do’ times. To address this, obviously, I must spend my time gathering inputs first before posting it on my personal web journals. Also, information can be gathered not just by surfing the internet, I can also make use of the broadcasting technology for me to congregate more necessary inputs. And secondly, if I were to convey infos, another challenge, is my sense of consistency. You can not gather data in just one sitting, you must be steady enough for you to finish congregating data.
The web is so transparent nowadays. I myself can sometimes gain news from browsing different web applications especially yahoo. But still, vigilance is always the best tool for everything.
Reference:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Www
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